In this installment of this series, I will take a look at the Regular Philippine Army (PA) whose defenders made up the bulk of the forces on the islands.
The Philippine Army was formed shortly after the US Congress passed the law giving the Philippines full and complete independence in 1946. The relatively long transition period of ten years (Commonwealth of the Philippines) would allow for the full development of both its government and military. On paper, the plan was both practical and even brilliant -- but the US Congress still pretty much controlled the budget and America was still recovering from the Great Depression. Still, progress was made.
The Army was envisioned as basically a light infantry force consisting of two regular divisions and ten reserve divisions. Each was to have about 7,500 men, about half the size of the then current US Infantry Division. Camps and training facilities were built or expanded, units organized and trained, and the supporting air and naval forces developed. Weapons were mostly Great War vintage, relatively cheap on the surplus market, but still useful. Some American 1903 Springfields and the more common M1917 Enfields, along with Lewis LMG's and Browning MMG's made up the bulk of the small arms. While US M1918 BARs were available, they were few and far between. Mortars and artillery were also procured from US, British, and French sources. The Army was mobilized in September 1941 under the mistaken (as it turned out) belief that Japan wouldn't strike until April of 1942 at the earliest. Some interesting "what ifs" could certainly be drawn from this!
The two Regular Divisions (1st and 2nd) were the best trained of the Commonwealth forces, being full-time with officers who were both experienced and perhaps more importantly, local, a number of whom had graduated from American ROTC as well as West Point. They formed a strong nucleus. Many of the NCO's were also experienced and good leaders.
While the 1st Division was a standard Army division with some advanced training, the 2nd was primarily a Constabulary whose weapons were mostly small arms and whose training was mostly in small unit tactics and policing activities.
As for the organization of the reserve infantry units, the then current American squad of an 8-9 men armed with rifles was a pretty good model. Three squads and a platoon headquarters likewise followed American practice. A few BARs and Lewis guns would equip the LMG squads at the company level, while mortars (usually 3" Brandt) and Browning MMG's were located at the battalion level or higher. Fire control equipment was lacking or sorely limited. This was envisioned as a defensive force only.
Using the Chain of Command model, here's what we come up with:
Rifle Platoon HQ
Platoon Leader, SL, armed with a pistol
Platoon Sergeant, SL, armed with a rifle
3 Rifle Squads, each with:
Squad Leader, JL, armed with rifle
8-9 Riflemen
I can find no reference to an Automatic Rifle Squad, as in the Regular Scouts. But it would not be unreasonable for the platoon to have a Lewis LMG with 3-crew. I would also add that it would not be unreasonable for the SL's to be rated as Inferior as defined in the rules. Other than the 1st and 2nd Divisions, all should be classed as Green. Provision for entrenchments and obstacles in support should be fairly liberal.
I hope to finish up next time with the 26th Cavalry, and perhaps a few notes on the US Marines stationed there, and some of the ad hoc units that were critical to the defense of Bataan. Until next time...